EOS.IO is the first-to-market, enterprise-ready, third-generation Blockchain. It aims to become a decentralized operating system supporting industrial-scale applications, eliminating transaction fees, and being able to conduct millions of transactions per second.
EOS.IO takes smart contracts to the next level, operating as a smart contract platform. In this article, we will learn its basics.
Running our Private Node
To deploy our first “Hello world!” smart contract, we will need at least one EOS node running. We will communicate with this node via CLI and provide the smart contract to be deployed. Please note that this requires to have EOS installed. You can see how to do that here.
Start Your Node
You can start your node using this single command:
This will show an output as the following:
This is a notifying message, each half a second duration, showing that a new block has been produced and confirming that the node is up and running.
Cleos and Wallet Creation
Cleos command is our friend. This CLI application allows us to communicate with our node, create wallets, ask for balance, transfer money, and so much more.
To set a contract to an account, we need to have the required permissions. Since, in this example, we will be using the eosio account (the EOS’s root account), we already have these permissions. But we need to sign the transaction, and to do this, we need eosio’s private key.
To use this private key, we need to ensure we have it in our wallet, and for this, my friends… we need a wallet.
The above command creates our default wallet, the standard output, then shows its password. Save it! You will need this password to unlock the wallet.
This command creates our default wallet, showing the password via standard output.
Importing Keys
You can think of a wallet as a keyring; it keeps all of our keys organized in one place. So, this is why we created it, to keep our eosio’s private key to sign our transactions validating that we have the required permissions. Now, we import the eosio’s private key.
The one above is the public domain key. If you have changed the eosio’s public key, replace it with the corresponding private key.
Hello World!
Having the required key in our wallet, we can now focus on our smart contract code. For the sake of simplicity, we will write a simple Hello World smart contract.
Let’s create a hello.cppfile with the following content:
Code analysis
It is the header for EOS’s smart contracts.
Declares hello class as a eosiio::contract derived.
Declares hi() function as part of the contract’s ABI.
Prints Hello World! on calling hi.
It is the ABI declaration of our smart contract, so it must include all the actions (class methods) that we want to potentially get called on it. It is the JSON to binary (and reverse) bridge. This macro also calls apply() on the contract.
Compiling
The next step is to compile the contract. For this, we will use the EOS’s eosiocpp script with the following parameters:
This will compile our C++ code into WebAssembly, resulting in a hello.wast file.
And then:
Which will create a hello.abi file with the ABI declaration of our contract.
Both files are required to deploy the Hello Word! smart contract.
Deploying The Smart Contract
Finally, the last step is to deploy our smart contract to the blockchain. The command to do this has the following format:
So we have:
Verifying
We can verify that our smart contract is responding to us by calling on this:
Here we send an action to eosio, the user we have previously deployed the contract with, calling the action hi without parameters. Then we sign on with our private key (-p eosio), used earlier in one of our previous steps.
Summary
Creating a smart contract for EOS is easy. You must have a wallet and have imported the user-key signing the transaction. Then just write the smart contract, compile and deploy it to the blockchain.
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